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Jak osiągnąć maksymalną sprawność paneli PV?","FreeQuoteSidebar","2017-03-16T18:50:54.000000Z","2024-01-09T14:18:12.000000Z",2,"[\"17\",\"24\"]",1,"efektywnosc","Wydajność paneli fotowoltaicznych","Sprawność, wydajność, moc... ile prądu TAK NAPRAWDĘ wyprodukuje moja instalacja? I jak mogę być tego pewny?","intro",{"x1":759,"x2":760,"webpX1":761,"webpX2":762},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F6.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F6@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F6.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F6@2x.webp","https:\u002F\u002Ffotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Fefektywnosc","16\u002F03\u002F2017","09\u002F01\u002F2024",11,null,{"id":751,"name":769,"title":770,"intro":771,"created_at":772,"updated_at":772,"image":773},"Dawid Kaczmarczyk","Redaktor fotowoltaikaonline.pl","Pasjonuje się sprytnymi sposobami pozyskiwania zielonej energii. W wolnych chwilach uczy się chińskiego.","2019-09-18T15:48:18.000000Z",{"x1":774,"x2":775,"webpX1":776,"webpX2":777},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fauthors\u002F2.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fauthors\u002F2@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fauthors\u002F2.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fauthors\u002F2@2x.webp",{"nodes":779,"issues":2825,"unsupportedTags":2826,"tagCounts":2827,"hasCalculator":2838,"hasFilloutEmbed":2839},[780],{"type":781,"tag":782,"attrs":783,"children":784},"element","div",{},[785,821,823,851,853,858,859,866,867,886,887,952,953,976,977,990,991,1018,1019,1025,1026,1031,1032,1037,1038,1044,1045,1056,1057,1062,1063,1114,1115,1127,1128,1352,1353,1363,1364,1371,1372,1390,1391,1396,1397,1418,1419,1431,1432,1438,1439,1470,1471,1476,1477,1484,1485,1511,1512,1522,1523,1526,1527,1539,1540,1545,1546,1558,1559,2464,2465,2477,2478,2495,2496,2503,2504,2509,2510,2515,2516,2526,2527,2553,2554,2557,2558,2584,2585,2595,2596,2603,2604,2610,2611,2623,2624,2629,2630,2635,2636,2639,2640,2652,2653,2665,2666,2673,2674,2680,2681,2686,2687,2699,2701,2713,2714,2720,2721,2726,2727,2734,2735,2740,2741,2760,2761,2781,2782,2787,2788,2812,2813,2818,2819],{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":787,"children":788},"p",{},[789,792,798,800,805,807,812,814,819],{"type":790,"value":791},"text","Wielu przed zainwestowaniem w panele fotowoltaiczne powstrzymuje obawa, że tak naprawdę jest w tym jakiś szwindel. No bo ile prądu tak naprawdę wyprodukują te panele? I jakie mam na to gwarancje? W tym artykule omówimy ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":794,"children":795},"strong",{},[796],{"type":790,"value":797},"moc nominalną",{"type":790,"value":799}," paneli, ich ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":801,"children":802},{},[803],{"type":790,"value":804},"sprawność",{"type":790,"value":806}," oraz ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":808,"children":809},{},[810],{"type":790,"value":811},"realne uzyski",{"type":790,"value":813}," w Polsce. Ponadto przyjrzymy się ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":815,"children":816},{},[817],{"type":790,"value":818},"wpływowi warunków pogodowych",{"type":790,"value":820}," oraz pory roku na pracę instalacji i zastanowimy się, czy kilka tygodni złej pogody naprawdę stanowi problem.",{"type":790,"value":822},"\n",{"type":781,"tag":824,"attrs":825,"children":827},"good-to-know",{"icon":826},"bell",[828,829,841,843,850],{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":831,"children":834},"h3",{"class":832,"slot":833},"toc-ignore","header",[835],{"type":781,"tag":836,"attrs":837,"children":838},"b",{},[839],{"type":790,"value":840},"W skrócie",{"type":790,"value":842},"\n\n",{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":844,"children":847},{"class":845,"slot":846},"mb-0","content",[848],{"type":790,"value":849},"Każdy 1kWp korzystnie zamontowanej instalacji fotowoltaicznej powinien w Polsce produkować około 1000 kWh rocznie. Tak, to tak proste.",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":790,"value":852}," ",{"type":781,"tag":854,"attrs":855,"children":857},"solar-panel-calculator",{"mode":856},"inContentWidget",[],{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":860,"attrs":861,"children":864},"h2",{"data-toc":862,"id":863},"Sprawność i moc","sprawnosc",[865],{"type":790,"value":135},{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":868,"children":869},{},[870,872,877,879,884],{"type":790,"value":871},"Sprawność panelu fotowoltaicznego określa ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":873,"children":874},{},[875],{"type":790,"value":876},"ile procent otrzymanej energii słonecznej",{"type":790,"value":878}," dany panel ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":880,"children":881},{},[882],{"type":790,"value":883},"przekształci w elektryczną",{"type":790,"value":885}," w warunkach testowych STC.",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":824,"attrs":888,"children":890},{"icon":889},"zoom",[891,892,900,901,951],{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":893,"children":894},{"class":832,"slot":833},[895],{"type":781,"tag":836,"attrs":896,"children":897},{},[898],{"type":790,"value":899},"Przykład",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":902,"children":903},{"class":845,"slot":846},[904,906,912,914,918,920,924,927,929,932,934,938,940,944,946],{"type":790,"value":905},"Panel o powierzchni 1,64m",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":908,"children":909},"sup",{},[910],{"type":790,"value":911},"2",{"type":790,"value":913}," i sprawności 20%",{"type":781,"tag":915,"attrs":916,"children":917},"br",{},[],{"type":790,"value":919},"\notrzymał w ciągu 1 godziny promieniowanie o mocy 500W \u002F m",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":921,"children":922},{},[923],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":781,"tag":915,"attrs":925,"children":926},{},[],{"type":790,"value":928},"\nIle wyprodukuje?",{"type":781,"tag":915,"attrs":930,"children":931},{},[],{"type":790,"value":933},"\n500W\u002Fm",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":935,"children":936},{},[937],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":790,"value":939},"\u002Fh * 20% * 1,64m",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":941,"children":942},{},[943],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":790,"value":945}," = 164Wh = ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":947,"children":948},{},[949],{"type":790,"value":950},"0,164kWh",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":954,"children":955},{},[956,958,963,965,974],{"type":790,"value":957},"Powyższe liczby obowiązują, jak wspomnieliśmy, w warunkach testowych. Czym są? Ustandaryzowane Warunki Testowe (Standard Test Conditions - STC) zakładają",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":959,"children":960},{},[961],{"type":790,"value":962}," temperaturę ogniwa równą 25°C",{"type":790,"value":964},", brak wiatru i promieniowanie o sile ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":966,"children":967},{},[968,970],{"type":790,"value":969},"1000W\u002Fm",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":971,"children":972},{},[973],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":790,"value":975},". W sekcji \"rzeczywiste uzyski\" omówimy, jak warunki testowe mają się do polskich.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":978,"children":979},{},[980,982,988],{"type":790,"value":981},"Obliczając sprawność powinno się uwzględniać powierzchnię całego panelu, wraz z ramką. Niektórzy producenci nieuczciwie uwzględniają tylko powierzchnię samych ogniw. Jeśli wykryjemy takie sztuczki, z pewnością przeczytacie o nich w naszych ",{"type":781,"tag":983,"attrs":984,"children":985},"nuxt-link",{"to":88},[986],{"type":790,"value":987},"recenzjach producentów",{"type":790,"value":989}," .",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":992,"attrs":993,"children":995},"picture",{"class":994},"picture-css-class-here",[996,997,1003,1004,1009,1010],{"type":790,"value":852},{"type":781,"tag":998,"attrs":999,"children":1002},"source",{"srcset":1000,"type":1001},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages\u002Fefektywnosc\u002Fsprawnosc-paneli-pv@2x.webp 2x, https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages\u002Fefektywnosc\u002Fsprawnosc-paneli-pv.webp 1x","image\u002Fwebp",[],{"type":790,"value":852},{"type":781,"tag":998,"attrs":1005,"children":1008},{"srcset":1006,"type":1007},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages\u002Fefektywnosc\u002Fsprawnosc-paneli-pv@2x.jpg 2x, https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages\u002Fefektywnosc\u002Fsprawnosc-paneli-pv.jpg 1x","image\u002Fjpeg",[],{"type":790,"value":852},{"type":781,"tag":1011,"attrs":1012,"children":1017},"img",{"alt":1013,"class":1014,"src":1015,"srcset":1016},"historia wydajności paneli fotowoltaicznych","mx-auto d-block","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages\u002Fefektywnosc\u002Fsprawnosc-paneli-pv.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages\u002Fefektywnosc\u002Fsprawnosc-paneli-pv@2x.jpg 2x",[],{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1020,"children":1022},{"class":1021},"text-muted text-center pt-3 pb-3 border-bottom",[1023],{"type":790,"value":1024},"Historia wydajności paneli fotowoltaicznych. Domena publiczna. Własność Rządu USA. Praca Instytutu NREL.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1027,"children":1028},{},[1029],{"type":790,"value":1030},"Sprawność seryjnie produkowanych paneli polikrystalicznych wynosi mniej więcej 16-18%. Monokrystaliczne sięgają wyżej - najlepsze chińskie panele sięgają 20,5%, a amerykański SunPower produkuje seryjnie panele grubo przekraczające 22%.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1033,"children":1034},{},[1035],{"type":790,"value":1036},"Sprawność wyrażona procentowo to parametr bardzo dokładny, ale mało wygodny do oszacowania ilości energii, którą dany panel wytworzy w ciagu roku. Do tego celu lepiej nadaje się moc znamionowa.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":1039,"children":1041},{"id":1040},"moc-znamionowa",[1042],{"type":790,"value":1043},"Moc znamionowa \u002F nominalna (wydajność)",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1046,"children":1047},{},[1048,1050,1054],{"type":790,"value":1049},"Moc nominalna paneli słonecznych wyrażana jest w watopikach (np. Wp, kWp). Określa ona wydajność paneli w ustandaryzowanych warunkach testowych STC (Standard Test Conditions), czyli w temperaturze 25°C i nasłonecznieniu 1000W\u002Fm",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":1051,"children":1052},{},[1053],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":790,"value":1055},". Moce łączy się ze sobą i tak z czterech połączonych paneli 250 Wp mamy 1 kWp (1k = 1 tysiąc).",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1058,"children":1059},{},[1060],{"type":790,"value":1061},"Moc znamionowa wynika ze sprawności i wymiarów. Przypominamy, że w warunkach STC nasłonecznienie jest stałe. Znając dwa z tych parametrów można wyliczyć trzeci.",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":824,"attrs":1064,"children":1065},{"icon":889},[1066,1067,1074,1075,1113],{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":1068,"children":1069},{"class":832,"slot":833},[1070],{"type":781,"tag":836,"attrs":1071,"children":1072},{},[1073],{"type":790,"value":899},{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1076,"children":1077},{"class":845,"slot":846},[1078,1080,1085,1087,1091,1094,1096,1099,1101,1105,1107,1111],{"type":790,"value":1079},"Panel ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":1081,"children":1082},{},[1083],{"type":790,"value":1084},"NU-AK300",{"type":790,"value":1086}," ma według karty produktu moc 300Wp, sprawność 18,4% oraz powierzchnię 1,63 m",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":1088,"children":1089},{},[1090],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":781,"tag":915,"attrs":1092,"children":1093},{},[],{"type":790,"value":1095},"\nSpróbujemy wyliczyć moc na podstawie sprawności i powierzchni:",{"type":781,"tag":915,"attrs":1097,"children":1098},{},[],{"type":790,"value":1100},"\n1000W\u002Fm",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":1102,"children":1103},{},[1104],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":790,"value":1106},"*18,4%*1,63m",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":1108,"children":1109},{},[1110],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":790,"value":1112}," = 299,9Wp - czyli 300Wp.",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1116,"children":1117},{},[1118,1120,1125],{"type":790,"value":1119},"Ponieważ ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":1121,"children":1122},{},[1123],{"type":790,"value":1124},"moc znamionowa zależna jest od powierzchni",{"type":790,"value":1126},", trzeba zachować czujność. Panel o mocy 330Wp nie musi być identyczny z innym panelem o tej samej mocy. A panel o większej mocy może w rzeczywistości być zmontowany z ogniw gorszej jakości. Wtedy jest mocniejszy wyłącznie dzięki temu, że tych ogniw zastosowano więcej. Chyba najlepiej pokaże to poniższy przykład.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":1129,"attrs":1130,"children":1132},"table",{"class":1131},"table table-responsive table-sm table-bordered",[1133,1135,1351],{"type":790,"value":1134},"\n\t",{"type":781,"tag":1136,"attrs":1137,"children":1138},"tbody",{},[1139,1141,1178,1179,1210,1211,1244,1245,1280,1281,1315,1316,1350],{"type":790,"value":1140},"\n\t\t",{"type":781,"tag":1142,"attrs":1143,"children":1144},"tr",{},[1145,1147,1153,1154,1159,1160,1165,1166,1171,1172,1177],{"type":790,"value":1146},"\n\t\t\t",{"type":781,"tag":1148,"attrs":1149,"children":1150},"td",{},[1151],{"type":790,"value":1152},"Oznaczenie 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A ile wyprodukują u mnie na dachu? Otóż krótka i zaskakująca odpowiedź brzmi... że ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":1378,"children":1379},{},[1380],{"type":790,"value":1381},"generalnie tyle samo",{"type":790,"value":1383},". Moduł fotowoltaiczny o mocy 300Wp powinien dostarczyć 300W prądu z każdego 1000W energii słonecznej. Instalacja nieruchoma 1 kWp teoretycznie wyprodukuje w ciągu roku 1000 kWh. 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Zainstalowanie standardowego panelu o powierzchni 1,6m",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":1491,"children":1492},{},[1493],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":1495,"children":1496},{},[1497],{"type":790,"value":1498},"  pod właściwym kątem ",{"type":790,"value":1500},"sprawia, że otrzymuje on znacznie więcej energii słonecznej, mniej więcej tyle, co 2m",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":1502,"children":1503},{},[1504],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":1506,"children":1507},{},[1508],{"type":790,"value":852},{"type":790,"value":1510},"gruntu.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":1513,"children":1514},{},[1515,1520],{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":1516,"children":1517},{},[1518],{"type":790,"value":1519},"Nachylenie i orientacja dachu",{"type":790,"value":1521}," w wysokim stopniu określa ilość promieni słonecznych docierających do paneli. Szczególnie ważna jest tu orientacja. Dach skierowany na południe jest najlepszym rozwiązaniem. 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Panele stawiane poziomo na ziemi uzyskują jakieś 90%, za to na stelażu - 100% wydajności. Zupełnie nie ma potrzeby tracić tej energii i należy zastosować konstrukcję nośną.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2479,"children":2480},{},[2481,2483,2487,2489,2493],{"type":790,"value":2482},"Z powyższego wynika, że chociaż średnie roczne nasłonecznienie w Polsce wynosi około 1000 W\u002Fm",{"type":781,"tag":907,"attrs":2484,"children":2485},{},[2486],{"type":790,"value":911},{"type":790,"value":2488},",",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2490,"children":2491},{},[2492],{"type":790,"value":852},{"type":790,"value":2494},"to właściwie zainstalowane moduły fotowoltaiczne zbierają około 15-20% więcej promieni słonecznych, niżby to wynikało z samej tylko ich powierzchni.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":860,"attrs":2497,"children":2500},{"data-toc":2498,"id":2499},"Straty - panele","zuzycie-paneli-slonecznych",[2501],{"type":790,"value":2502},"Straty mocy na ogniwach fotowoltaicznych",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2505,"children":2506},{},[2507],{"type":790,"value":2508},"Niestety inne czynniki zewnętrzne obniżają rzeczywiste uzyski modułów. Przejdźmy do ich omówienia.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":2511,"children":2512},{"id":2499},[2513],{"type":790,"value":2514},"Utrata mocy w czasie",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2517,"children":2518},{},[2519,2524],{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2520,"children":2521},{},[2522],{"type":790,"value":2523},"Strata efektywności",{"type":790,"value":2525}," – panele fotowoltaiczne wraz z upływem lat tracą na wydajności. To zjawisko całkowicie normalne. Większość producentów paneli słonecznych gwarantuje, że po 25 latach panele będą wciąż działać z określoną efektywnością. Utratę wydajności na rok danego panelu można wyrazić w procentach. To dość ważny parametr, który na pierwszy rzut oka może nie sprawiać wielkiego wrażenia.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2528,"children":2529},{},[2530,2532,2537,2539,2544,2546,2551],{"type":790,"value":2531},"Producent określa dopuszczalny poziom utraty efektywności w ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2533,"children":2534},{},[2535],{"type":790,"value":2536},"gwarancji na uzysk",{"type":790,"value":2538},", która pozwala określić całkowity szacowany uzysk z paneli w okresie obowiązywania gwarancji. Gwarancja na uzysk standardowych paneli zwykle obejmuje 25 lat, ale w przypadku ",{"type":781,"tag":983,"attrs":2540,"children":2541},{"to":162},[2542],{"type":790,"value":2543},"paneli podwójnie przeszklonych",{"type":790,"value":2545}," może być to nawet 30 lat. W ",{"type":781,"tag":983,"attrs":2547,"children":2548},{"to":139},[2549],{"type":790,"value":2550},"tym artykule",{"type":790,"value":2552}," przeczytasz więcej o tym, jak obliczać wpływ liniowej gwarancji mocy na ogólną produkcję danej instalacji.",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":854,"attrs":2555,"children":2556},{"mode":856},[],{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2559,"children":2560},{},[2561,2563,2568,2570,2575,2577,2582],{"type":790,"value":2562},"Panele słoneczne, niezależnie od typu, tracą około ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2564,"children":2565},{},[2566],{"type":790,"value":2567},"0,3% -0,5%",{"type":790,"value":2569}," w ogólnej wydajności ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2571,"children":2572},{},[2573],{"type":790,"value":2574},"rocznie",{"type":790,"value":2576},". ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2578,"children":2579},{},[2580],{"type":790,"value":2581},"Największy spadek mocy (do 95-97% mocy początkowej) występuje w ciągu pierwszego roku.",{"type":790,"value":2583}," Ta utrata wydajności jest znikoma w porównaniu do paneli cienkowarstwowych oraz innych alternatywnych źródeł energii i w tej perspektywie powinna być trakowana jako zaleta.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2586,"children":2587},{},[2588,2590,2594],{"type":790,"value":2589},"A ile zakupiony panel rozsądnej jakości naprawdę będzie pracować po skończonej gwarancji? Tego nie wie nikt, ale szacunki mogą napawać optymizmem. Więcej na ten temat przeczytasz w ",{"type":781,"tag":983,"attrs":2591,"children":2592},{"to":148},[2593],{"type":790,"value":2550},{"type":790,"value":989},{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":782,"attrs":2597,"children":2598},{"class":1355},[2599],{"type":781,"tag":1358,"attrs":2600,"children":2602},{"full-width":1360,"ids":2601},"42,12",[],{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":2605,"children":2607},{"id":2606},"temperatura",[2608],{"type":790,"value":2609},"Wpływ temperatury",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2612,"children":2613},{},[2614,2616,2621],{"type":790,"value":2615},"Gdy panele słoneczne odbiegają od opisanego powyżej STC, rzeczywista wydajność instalacji ulega zmianom. Omówmy wpływ różnicy temperatury. Przy zakupie paneli słonecznych zawsze otrzymujemy dokładny arkusz mówiący o sprawności danego panelu w zależności od panujących warunków. Ważnym wskaźnikiem jest ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2617,"children":2618},{},[2619],{"type":790,"value":2620},"punkt Pmax (Maximum Power Point)",{"type":790,"value":2622},", który odpowiada na pytanie jak duża jest strata sprawności, gdy temperatura modułu wzrasta powyżej 25°C.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2625,"children":2626},{},[2627],{"type":790,"value":2628},"Straty zazwyczaj mieszczą się w skali od 0,3% do 0,4% na stopień. Kiedy wiesz, że powierzchnia panelu słonecznego podczas cieplejszych dni wynosi około 30°C, możesz obliczyć jak wysoka będzie strata. Na przykład, w słoneczny dzień w Australii, gdy temperatura wynosi 40°C , to panele fotowoltaiczne mogą nagrzać się nawet do 65°C, a strata wynieść od 10,5% do 14% mocy.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2631,"children":2632},{},[2633],{"type":790,"value":2634},"Zazwyczaj najwięcej energii z paneli PV uzyskuje się między majem a lipcem. Sierpniowe upały i jesienno-zimowe zachmurzenie negatywnie wpływa na efektywność paneli fotowoltaicznych. Mimo to, panele słoneczne efektywniej wykorzystują światło docierające zimą i na jesień. Powód jest prosty - niska temperatura korzystnie wpływa na działanie fotowoltaiki. Można to porównać do laptopa, który zwalnia, gdy się przegrzewa.",{"type":790,"value":822},{"type":781,"tag":854,"attrs":2637,"children":2638},{"mode":856},[],{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2641,"children":2642},{},[2643,2645,2650],{"type":790,"value":2644},"Przy zakupie paneli słonecznych, dobrze jest wybrać panele z ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2646,"children":2647},{},[2648],{"type":790,"value":2649},"niską wartością Pmax",{"type":790,"value":2651},". Wskaźnik ten powie nam jaka jest strata efektywności względem odchyleń od STC. Inną rzeczą na którą warto zwracać uwagę jest umiejscowienie instalacji – wentylacja jest kluczowa i brak przewiewu może skutkować utratą efektywności.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2654,"children":2655},{},[2656,2658,2664],{"type":790,"value":2657},"Odporność na temperaturę ma więc duży wpływ na rzeczywistą wydajność instalacji. Poczytasz więcej na ten temat w dedykowanym artykule w Poradach. Z kolei jeśli chcesz znaleźć producentów paneli fotowoltaicznych, które są wyjątkowo odporne na temperaturę, wejdź ",{"type":781,"tag":983,"attrs":2659,"children":2661},{"to":2660},"\u002Fproducenci#odpornosc-na-temperature",[2662],{"type":790,"value":2663},"tutaj",{"type":790,"value":989},{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":782,"attrs":2667,"children":2668},{"class":1355},[2669],{"type":781,"tag":1358,"attrs":2670,"children":2672},{"full-width":1360,"ids":2671},"75,78",[],{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":2675,"children":2677},{"id":2676},"zacienienie",[2678],{"type":790,"value":2679},"Wpływ cienia",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2682,"children":2683},{},[2684],{"type":790,"value":2685},"Cień padający na dany panel fotowoltaiczny generalnie powoduje jego wyłączenie (całego modułu lub jego części) z obwodu przez diody bocznikowe. Jest to niezbędne, gdyż inaczej taki przysłonięty panel obniżałby wydajność całego obwodu.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2688,"children":2689},{},[2690,2692,2698],{"type":790,"value":2691},"Przylepione do paneli liście lub duże ptasie odchody również generują zacienienie na panelu, co nie dość że wpływa negatywnie na uzyski, ale też zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia ",{"type":781,"tag":983,"attrs":2693,"children":2695},{"to":2694},"\u002F10-problemow-paneli-fotowoltaicznych#hot-spoty",[2696],{"type":790,"value":2697},"hot-spotów",{"type":790,"value":989},{"type":790,"value":2700},"\nCień przesuwa się w ciągu dnia, stąd komin czy słup nie uniemożliwiają działania paneli, ani nie wyłączają ich na cały dzień, jednak zasada jest prosta - im więcej cienia, tym mniej prądu.\n\n",{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2702,"children":2703},{},[2704,2706,2711],{"type":790,"value":2705},"Warto rozważyć, gdzie dokładnie pada cień ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2707,"children":2708},{},[2709],{"type":790,"value":2710},"w skali roku",{"type":790,"value":2712},". Zimą słońce stoi niżej nad horyzontem, przez co cienie są dłuższe i mogą zasłonić więcej dachu.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":2715,"children":2717},{"id":2716},"brud",[2718],{"type":790,"value":2719},"Brud",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2722,"children":2723},{},[2724],{"type":790,"value":2725},"Każda instalacja z czasem się brudzi, na co wpływ ma przemysł, pojazdy motorowe oraz pyłki kwiatów i aktywność rolników (szczególnie żniwa), a także ptaki. Zanieczyszczeniu paneli nie sposób zapobiec, a częste wynajmowanie firmy do ich umycia nie ma uzasadnienia ekonomicznego (samodzielne ich mycie zwykłą wodą jest błędem, bo powoduje osadzanie się kamienia), tym niemniej trzeba to robić od czasu do czasu. W branży przyjęto standard dwukrotnego czyszczenia instalacji każdego roku, najlepiej w maju i sierpniu.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":860,"attrs":2728,"children":2731},{"data-toc":2729,"id":2730},"Straty - inwerter","stray-na-inwerterze",[2732],{"type":790,"value":2733},"Straty na inwerterze i przewodach",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2736,"children":2737},{},[2738],{"type":790,"value":2739},"Inwerter i przewody powodują pewne straty w przekazywanej mocy. Po prostu przekazywanie i przetwarzanie energii elektrycznej sprawaia, że jej część zamienia się na ciepło i jest tracona. Nie można tego wyeliminować, ale można zmniejszyć.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2742,"children":2743},{},[2744,2746,2751,2753,2758],{"type":790,"value":2745},"Przewody powodują średnio utratę ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2747,"children":2748},{},[2749],{"type":790,"value":2750},"1% mocy",{"type":790,"value":2752},". Niedopasowanie prądowe modułów PV to w najlepszym razie kolejny ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2754,"children":2755},{},[2756],{"type":790,"value":2757},"1%",{"type":790,"value":2759}," - ale uwaga, w przypadku błędów wykonawczych może być to znacznie więcej.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2762,"children":2763},{},[2764,2766,2771,2773,2779],{"type":790,"value":2765},"Na falowniku wielkości prosumenckiej stracimy zwykle od ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2767,"children":2768},{},[2769],{"type":790,"value":2770},"3 do 7%",{"type":790,"value":2772},". Ta różnica to tylko jeden z powodów, dla których warto zainwestować w dobry inwerter. Więcej na ten temat ",{"type":781,"tag":983,"attrs":2774,"children":2776},{"to":2775},"\u002Finwerter-solarny#wydajnosc",[2777],{"type":790,"value":2778},"przeczytasz tutaj",{"type":790,"value":2780},".",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2783,"children":2784},{},[2785],{"type":790,"value":2786},"Co wynika z tego wszystkiego?",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2789,"children":2790},{},[2791,2796,2798,2803,2805,2810],{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2792,"children":2793},{},[2794],{"type":790,"value":2795},"Efektywność fotowoltaiki w Polsce",{"type":790,"value":2797},", wbrew obiegowej opinii, jest ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2799,"children":2800},{},[2801],{"type":790,"value":2802},"bardzo wysoka",{"type":790,"value":2804},". Praktyka pokazuje, że w naszym regionie można uzyskać około 950kWh-1050kWh z każdego 1000kWp - oczywiście te wyliczenia uwzględniają wszelkie straty. Jest to ",{"type":781,"tag":793,"attrs":2806,"children":2807},{},[2808],{"type":790,"value":2809},"wynik lepszy niż w Niemczech",{"type":790,"value":2811},", kraju który jest światowym liderem w generowaniu prądu z energii słonecznej.",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":830,"attrs":2814,"children":2815},{},[2816],{"type":790,"value":2817},"Przypisy:",{"type":790,"value":842},{"type":781,"tag":786,"attrs":2820,"children":2822},{"id":2821},"systemy-nadazne",[2823],{"type":790,"value":2824},"* Istnieją też systemy nadążne, mechanicznie ustawiające panele tak, by cały dzień ustawione były do słońca pełnym obliczem. Zwiększa to wydajność paneli nawet o 30%, ale niestety raczej nie da się zamontować tego systemu na dachu spadowym.",[],[],{"div":2828,"p":2829,"strong":2830,"good-to-know":2831,"h3":2832,"b":2831,"solar-panel-calculator":2828,"h2":2833,"sup":2834,"br":2833,"nuxt-link":2835,"picture":751,"source":2828,"img":751,"table":751,"tbody":751,"tr":2836,"td":2837,"featured-pages":2831,"ul":753,"li":2828,"thead":753,"th":751},4,45,34,3,9,5,12,8,19,178,true,false,[2841,2851],{"id":2842,"name":2843,"slug":2844,"uri":162,"shortDescription":2845,"readingTime":2835,"image":2846},42,"Panele szkło szkło","panele-szklo-szklo","Czytając ten artykuł poznasz zalety i wady paneli podwójnie przeszklonych. Porównujemy osiągi paneli szyba-szyba i ich foliowanych odpowiedników.",{"x1":2847,"x2":2848,"webpX1":2849,"webpX2":2850},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F42.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F42@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F42.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F42@2x.webp",{"id":2834,"name":2852,"slug":2853,"uri":148,"shortDescription":2854,"readingTime":2835,"image":2855},"Jaka jest żywotność paneli słonecznych?","zywotnosc-paneli-slonecznych","Żywotność paneli fotowoltaicznych to ważny wskaźnik, od którego zależą długofalowe zyski z inwestycji. Czy w Polsce fotowoltaika działa długo?",{"x1":2856,"x2":2857,"webpX1":2858,"webpX2":2859},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12@2x.webp",[2861,2871],{"id":2862,"name":2863,"slug":2864,"uri":185,"shortDescription":2865,"readingTime":2833,"image":2866},78,"Jaki wpływ ma temperatura na działanie paneli fotowoltaicznych?","jaki-wplyw-ma-temperatura-na-dzialanie-paneli-fotowoltaicznych","Czy panele fotowoltaiczne dobrze działają w naszym, chłodniejszym klimacie? Jak właściwie reagują na niską, a jak na podwyższoną temperaturę?",{"x1":2867,"x2":2868,"webpX1":2869,"webpX2":2870},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F78.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F78@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F78.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F78@2x.webp",{"id":2872,"name":2873,"slug":2874,"uri":110,"shortDescription":2875,"readingTime":751,"image":2876},75,"Wpływ chmur na pracę paneli fotowoltaicznych","wplyw-chmur-na-prace-paneli-fotowoltaicznych","Czy panele fotowoltaiczne działają w pochmurne dni? Czy gorsza pogoda powoduje, że musisz płacić za prąd z własnej kieszeni?",{"x1":2877,"x2":2878,"webpX1":2879,"webpX2":2880},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F75.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F75@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F75.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F75@2x.webp",[2882,2892],{"id":2883,"name":2884,"slug":2885,"uri":139,"shortDescription":2886,"readingTime":2828,"image":2887},43,"Ile energii wyprodukuje panel fotowoltaiczny?","ile-energii-wyprodukuje-panel-fotowoltaiczny","Jak obliczyć produkcję energii z instalacji fotowoltaicznej? W prosty sposób obliczamy uzysk energii z paneli fotowoltaicznych na podstawie gwarancji oraz wydajności.",{"x1":2888,"x2":2889,"webpX1":2890,"webpX2":2891},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F43.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F43@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F43.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F43@2x.webp",{"id":2893,"name":2894,"slug":2895,"uri":142,"shortDescription":2896,"readingTime":2834,"image":2897},17,"Gwarancja","gwarancja","Gwarancja na panele fotowoltaiczne to kluczowa sprawa. Nieraz mówi się o gwarancji na 25 lat. Co naprawdę obejmuje? Omówienie 4 rodzajów gwarancji.",{"x1":2898,"x2":2899,"webpX1":2900,"webpX2":2901},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F17.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F17@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F17.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F17@2x.webp",[2903,2913],{"id":2904,"name":2905,"slug":2906,"uri":359,"shortDescription":2907,"readingTime":2834,"image":2908},24,"Ceny paneli słonecznych","ceny-paneli-slonecznych","Zastanawiasz się ile wyniesie Cię montaż instalacji fotowoltaicznej? W tym artykule znajdziesz wszystkie potrzebne informacje",{"x1":2909,"x2":2910,"webpX1":2911,"webpX2":2912},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F24.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F24@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F24.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.fotowoltaikaonline.pl\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F24@2x.webp",{"id":2893,"name":2894,"slug":2895,"uri":142,"shortDescription":2896,"readingTime":2834,"image":2914},{"x1":2898,"x2":2899,"webpX1":2900,"webpX2":2901}]